Classical orders

Classical orders

The Classical orders — the fundamental components of Classical architecture — are different styles distinguished by established sizes, details, and type of columns. The five orders came from the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. While the three orders Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian originated in Greece, the Romans added the Tuscan and the Composite (Wikipedia 2022).
The only detailed work regarding architecture that survives from antiquity is from Vitruvius, an ancient Roman architect. Once his works were revived during the Renaissance in 15th century, Vitruvius was hailed as one of the father of classical architecture. While the word "orders" is not mentioned in his writings, he did describe different types of columns. Europeans architects since the Renaissance based their theories on Vitruvius' writing and established the details (size, elements, relief, etc.) defining each order (Wikipedia 2022).
Generally, each in the five orders has a distinguishable set of architectural elements including a base, a shaft, a capital, and an entablature. Measurement of each column type are calculated by comparing ratio between the diameter of the shaft and the total height of column. The unit for measurement is “diameter high”.

Reference:
Wikipedia. 2022. "Classical order." Last modified April 14, 2022 (20 April 2022).

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